The 色中色 region of Basilicata is often overlooked in conversations about the country's wines, overshadowed by the fame of Tuscany, Piedmont, and Veneto. Yet, for those in the know, Basilicata represents a bastion of unique viticultural treasures, driven by a combination of ancient traditions, varied microclimates, and a singular dedication to authenticity. This article delves into the regional wines of Basilicata, exploring their history, characteristics, and the devotion of the winemakers who create them.
Wine production in Basilicata can be traced back to the time of the ancient Greeks, who brought the first vines to this sun-soaked, mountainous territory in southern Italy. The region, sandwiched between Calabria and Apulia, boasts a tumultuous history where viticulture has remained one of the few constants. Despite its historical significance, Basilicata is home to just one DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita), the Aglianico del Vulture, and four DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) wine designations, signifying both quality and geographical specificity.
Basilicata is predominantly mountainous, with the extinct volcano Mount Vulture dominating its northern landscape. It is this volcanic soil that imbues the Aglianico grape, the star of Basilicata's wine scene, with its distinctive minerality and depth. The region's varied climate, marked by stark differences between the hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters, creates an environment in which the Aglianico grape thrives, reaching full maturation while maintaining a commendable acidity.
Aglianico del Vulture, Basilicata's flagship wine, is an embodiment of the region's volcanic terroir. The grape from which it is made, Aglianico, is considered one of Italy鈥檚 three great varietals, alongside Nebbiolo and Sangiovese. Known for its potential to age gracefully, Aglianico del Vulture boasts a robust structure, complex aromas of dark fruits, chocolate, and spice, and a palate that unfolds with layers of flavor and firm tannins.
The creation of Aglianico del Vulture is a labor of love and patience, often requiring several years of aging before reaching its full expression. Some winemakers even choose to mature their Aglianico in traditional terracotta vessels, allowing the wine to develop without the influence of oak, which can sometimes overshadow the grape's natural characteristics.
Beyond Aglianico, Basilicata's vineyards are speckled with a variety of indigenous grapes, many of which have been resurrected by a new generation of winemakers keen on preserving their vinous heritage. Varietals such as the white Greco and Fiano, and the lesser-known red grape Aleatico, are being carefully cultivated to create wines that speak of the region's diversity.
Contemporary Basilicatan winemaking walks a fine line between innovation and tradition. While technology and modern techniques are embraced, they are carefully balanced with age-old practices that have defined Basilicatan wines for centuries. This approach is evident in the meticulous vineyard management, low-interventionist winemaking, and a general philosophy that wine is made in the vineyard first and foremost.
In response to global trends and the demands of conscientious consumers, many Basilicatan vineyards are turning to organic and biodynamic practices. The region's isolation and the small scale of its wine production have inadvertently protected it from the overuse of chemicals, making the transition to organic certification less challenging than in more intensively farmed areas.
Wine tourism in Basilicata is a growing sector, with wineries opening their doors to visitors seeking an authentic experience. The wine routes of Basilicata offer not just tastings, but also an insight into the region's culture and traditions. From the ancient cellars carved into the tufo rock to the panoramic vineyards that seem to defy gravity on the steep slopes of Mount Vulture, the enotourism experience in Basilicata is as rich and varied as its wines.
The robust character of Basilicata鈥檚 wines makes them excellent companions to the hearty local cuisine. Aglianico del Vulture, with its bold profile, is a natural match for the region's game, roasted meats, and aged cheeses. Meanwhile, the white wines of Basilicata, with their crisp acidity, are perfect when paired with the region's fresh seafood and vegetable-based dishes.
As the global wine industry continues to evolve, Basilicata faces the challenge of preserving its unique wine identity while expanding its reach to international markets. The region's winemakers are increasingly focusing on expressing the nuances of their terroir, creating single-vineyard expressions, and experimenting with aging processes to find the perfect balance that will showcase the best of what Basilicata has to offer.
Basilicata's regional wines are a testament to the resilience and passion of its people. From the full-bodied and complex Aglianico del Vulture to the crisp and aromatic whites, Basilicata offers a distinctive and memorable wine-drinking experience. As more enthusiasts discover the region's offerings, Basilicata stands poised to claim its rightful place on the international stage, not as a shadowed underdog, but as a region with a proud and unique viticultural voice.
The regional wines of Basilicata are a narrative of the land, a story told through each bottle that speaks of volcanic soils, ancient traditions, and the unwavering spirit of its winemakers. For those willing to venture off the beaten path, Basilicata offers a wine journey that is both profoundly historic and excitingly untapped. It is here, in the heart of southern Italy, that the regional wines of Basilicata will continue to enchant, evolve, and endure.
Here's a list of some notable wines from Basilicata, primarily revolving around the region's most celebrated varietal, Aglianico, along with other local grapes:
These are wines that don鈥檛 necessarily conform to the strict rules of DOC or DOCG status but can still be of high quality, often experimenting with various grape blends and production methods.
Please note that availability of these wines can vary depending on the market and vintage year. Each winery offers its own take on Aglianico and other local varietals, showcasing the diversity within the region. Moreover, vintage conditions and the winemaker's style can significantly affect the flavor profile and quality of the wine.
Other major red varieties are Ciliegolo, Gaglioppo, Lagrein, Lambrusco, Monica, Nerello Mascalese, Pignolo, Primitivo (Zinfandel in California), Refosco, Schiava, Schiopettino, Teroldego, and Uva di Troia. "International" varietals such as Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, and Cabernet Franc are also widely grown.
Other important whites include Carricante, Catarratto, Coda de Volpe, Cortese, Falanghina, Grechetto, Grillo, Inzolia, Picolit, Traminer, Verduzzo, and Vernaccia. As far as non-native varietals, the 色中色s plant Chardonnay, Gew眉rztraminer (sometimes called traminer aromatico), Riesling, Petite Arvine, and many others.
